Jérôme BOOMBHI^1,2, Karl NJUWA¹, Bâ HAMADOU^1,3, Liliane MFEUKEU KUATE^1,3, Chris Nadège NGANOU^1,3, Alain MENANGA^1,2, Samuel KINGUE^1,2

Author affiliations:

1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomédical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I,
2. Yaounde General Hospital
3. Yaounde Central Hospital

Corresponding author: Jérôme BOOMBHI, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ,  Cell: (+237) 675 81 49 13

Abstract

Introduction: Palpitation is a major cause of consultation in Cardiology clinics and Emergency departments. In Cameroon, there is paucity in research done on this frequent symptom and therefore is poorly understood in our setting, consequently patients with this symptom don’t usually get optimal and satisfactory care

Objectives: To describe the clinical and electrocardiographic profile of patients presenting with palpitations at the cardiology outpatient consultations of two reference hospitals in Yaoundé

Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study which spanned from November 2016 to May 2017 in the Yaoundé General Hospital and the Yaoundé Central Hospital.

Results: A total of 210 participants were recruited. The hospital prevalence of palpitation was 18.67% for the General Hospital and 25.90% for the Central Hospital. The mean age of the participants was 47.3 +/- 18 years. The most represented age group was the 56 and older group (32.8%). Females constituted 75% of our study population. Hypertension was found to be the most frequent predisposing factor, with 59% of the cases. The most frequent associated symptom was dyspnea (46%). 34.5% of participants had chest pain. The most observed sign on physical examination was a heart murmur (21.3%). On electrocardiography (ECG), 86.8% of the study population had a normal sinus rhythm. The most common abnormality on ECG was a left ventricular hypertrophy (12.6%). Sinus tachycardia was found to be the most frequent rhythm disturbance (12.1%) followed by sinus bradycardia (5.7%) and atrial fibrillation (4%).

Conclusion: Palpitation is a very frequent symptom in our setting. The symptom mostly associated was dyspnea. The most frequent finding on ECG was LVH, and sinus tachycardia was the most common rhythm disorder. Our results therefore suggest a need for an in-depth evaluation of patents with palpitations and also a huge knowledge gap on this subject that will need to be filled by subsequent research.

Keywords : Palpitation, Electrocardiograph, Clinical

Charles Kouam Kouam, Kelly Kenfack Zogni , alain Menanga, Eugene Sobngwi, Samuel
Kingue.

Abstract
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disease process resulting from obstruction of large peripheral arteries, commonly due to atherosclerosis. It is associated with a high morbi-mortality rate. It progresses in nearly 70% of patients in an asymptomatic manner, making its screening in high cardiovascular risk subjects important. One way of screening PAD is by measuring the Ankle-brachial Index (ABI), which is a predictor of the risk of survival.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study for 5 months at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital where we recruited 80 diabetic subjects, with a history of at least 10 years of diabetes, having at least one other cardiovascular risk factor. For each subject we collected clinical data (age, sex, history of high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking) through an interrogation and consultation of the subject's medical record; anthropometric data was also gotten (the abdominal circumference). We then perform the measurement of the ABI using a pocket vascular Doppler. Statistical analysis was carried out by appropriate tests in EXCEL software. The results were expressed as a proportion (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation.

Results: Our population was of female predominance (56%) and the mean age was 62.8 ± 8.3 years. Hypertension was the most common risk factor in our population (97.5%). PAD (ABI<0.90) was found in 37.5% of our subjects. We looked for an association between the ABI values and the cardiovascular risk factors. We found out that a history of at least 10 years of diabetes, tobacco smoking and obesity significantly influence the occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions (p = 0.00015, 0.04 and 0.03 respectively).

Conclusion: Ten years of diabetes duration and above greatly influences the occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions; PAD is common in our population with a prevalence of 37.5%; Prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions increase in high cardiovascular risk patients.

Key words: Atherosclerosis, Ankle-brachial Index, Peripheral Artery Disease.

Sylvie Ndongo Amougou^1,2, Dieudonné Danwe¹, Hamadou Ba^1,3, Bonaventure Jemea^2,4, Liliane Kuate Mfeukeu^1,3, Christian Ngongang Ouankou², Jingi Musa Ahmadou², Samuel Kingue^1,5

Authors’ affiliations:

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon,
2. University Teaching Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun,
3. Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroun,
4. Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon,
5. Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroun.

Corresponding author: Danwe Dieudonné, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Objective: Compare vascular hyperreactivity between a group of normotensive people and a group of people having primary hypertension.

Methods: vascular reactivity was measured by the cold test. Vascular hyperreactivity was defined as an increase in blood pressure > 20 mmHg for systolic and/or > 15 mmHg for diastolic. Khi², Man-Withney, Wilcoxon's signed ranks and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: a total of 31 hypertensive and 31 normotensive patients matched by age and sex participated in this study. Vascular hyperreactivity was present in 77.4% hypertensive patients and 51.6% normotensive patients. There was a significant association between vascular hyperreactivity and hypertension [OR = 3.2 (1.07 - 9.63), p = 0.034]. The median arterial pressure was higher in responders compared to non-responders in the normotensive group. Age > 45 years, female sex, obesity and family history of hypertension appeared to be associated with vascular hyperreactivity, but only in normotensive patients.

Conclusion: vascular hyperreactivity appears to be a risk factor for high blood pressure in black Cameroonians. It appeared to be associated with low blood pressure, age, sex, obesity and family history of hypertension but this was only in the normotensive.

Keywords: vascular hyperreactivity, high blood pressure, black Cameroonian, cold test.

Bengono Bengono R., Amengle A.L., Metogo Mbengono J., Owono Etoundi P., Esiene A., Ze Minkande J

Affiliations des auteurs : Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités, FMSB

Auteur pour correspondance : Bengono Bengono R, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Résumé

Introduction : La maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse (MTEV) est une pathologie fréquente. Le but de notre travail était de décrire les aspects cliniques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques de la MTEV dans un service de réanimation.

Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive et rétrospective. Etaient inclus tous les patients ayant séjourné en réanimation durant la période allant du 1^er janvier 2015 au 31 décembre 2016 à l’Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé. L’échantillonnage était consécutif.  Les informations étaient collectées du dossier médical des patients. Elles concernaient : l’identification ; les facteurs de risque de la MTEV; la présentation clinique; les scores de probabilité clinique ; les examens complémentaires ; le traitement et l’évolution. Les données recueillies étaient extraites et analysées avec le logiciel d’analyse ‘Statistical Package for social Sciences’ (SPSS) version 23.0 pour Windows. Les résultats de notre étude étaient exprimés sous forme de moyenne, pourcentages, et d’effectifs.

Résultats : Au cours de notre étude, 51 dossiers étaient retenus. Plus de la moitié de nos patients (57,1%) étaient traités sans confirmation diagnostique et sans évaluation d’un score de probabilité clinique (66,7%). Les examens à visée diagnostique de la pathologie n’étaient pas disponibles en urgence. Le délai diagnostic moyen de réalisation était de 9 jours. L’examen d’imagerie le plus réalisé était l’échographie type doppler (94,1%), l’angioscanner était réalisé chez tous les patients soupçonnés d’EP (n=9 ;100%). La guérison était favorable chez 86,3% des patients hospitalisés pour MTEV, soit 88,8% pour l’EP et 85,7% pour la TVP. Les complications étaient marquées par le syndrome post-thrombotique (n=11 ; 21,56%), le décès (n=7 ; 13,7%), les récidives (n=6 ; 11,8%) et le syndrome hémorragique (n=5 ; 9,8%).

Mots-clés : Profil clinique, Profil pronostique, MTEV, Réanimation