A THIAM^1,2, HN TSAGUE KENGNI², T MILLOGO³, C KADIRI², H ADOKO², MP SIMO MOYO², Y BARRO², C TINDANO²,U HOUBA DALLAH TCHIMBY², L KASSA², PO OUEDRAOGO², Y TAPSOBA², DC BOUDA², WS TIEMTORE², N ROUAMBA², L BASSOLE², G BERE²,GRC MILLOGO^1,2, J KOLOGO^1,2, NV YAMEOGO^1,2, LJ KAGAMBEGA², G MANDI²,AK SAMADOULOUGOU^1,4, P ZABSONRE^1,2.

Affiliations des auteurs

1. Université Ouaga 1 Pr JOSEPH KI ZERBO, Burkina Faso
2. Centre hospitalier Yalgado Ouedraogo de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
3. Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Burkina Faso
4. Hôpital de district de Bogodogo, Burkina Faso

Auteur pour correspondance : TSAGUE KENGNI Hermann Nestor, 

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Objectifs : La prévalence du syndrome coronaire aigu avec sus-décalage du segment ST (SCAST+) est en augmentation en Afrique sub-saharienne. Il est possible de prévenir la plupart des SCAST+ en s’attaquant aux facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’étudier l’impact des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire sur la survenue du SCAST+ et de ses complications au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU-YO) de Ouagadougou, au Burkina Faso.

Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude observationnelle, de type cas-témoins, non appariés (un cas pour trois témoins), monocentrique, à recueil rétrospectif des donnés, allant du 1erJanvier 2010 au 31 Décembre 2016. Elle a inclus 199 cas de SCAST+ et 830 témoins hospitalisés au sein du service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou durant la période d’étude.

Résultats : En analyse univariée et multivariée, les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire ayant impacté significativement (odds ratio ajusté [IC 95%]) la survenue du SCAST+ étaient : l’âge supérieur à 45 ans (5,96 [3,84-9,25]), le sexe masculin (3,97 [2,48-6,34]), le diabète (2,76 [1,56-4,89]), l’hypertension artérielle (2,14 [1,43-3,2]) et le tabagisme (2,09 [1,33-3,3]). Le cumul croissant des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire augmente significativement le risque de survenue du SCAST+ (p < 0,0005). L’odds ratio [IC 95%] de survenue d’une altération de la FEVG (FEVG < 50%) et de survenue d’un décès intrahospitalier en cas de SCAST+ était respectivement de 4,62 [2,67-7,98] et de 3,23 [1,85-5,66]. La prise en charge de l’hypertension artérielle, du diabète et du tabagisme, permet de réduire 72% de la fréquence de survenue du SCAST+.

Conclusion : le renforcement des moyens de prévention, surtout des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire modifiables reste une urgence dans notre contexte.

Mots-clés : facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire, syndrome coronaire aigu, impact, Burkina Faso

Anastase Dzudie Tamdja ^{1, 2, 3, 8} Corrine Armelle Simo Gounoue ^2,8  Simeon-Pierre Choukem ^{2, 3} Sidick Mouliom Aboubakar ³ Archange Nzali⁴  Marie Patrice Halle³  Clovis Nkoke⁵  Christ Nadege Nganou¹ Benjamin Momo Kadia⁶ Martin Hongieh Abanda⁷ Samuel Kingue¹

Authors’ affiliations

1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
2. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
3. Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
4. Deido District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
5. Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
6. Foumbot District Hospital, Foumbot, Cameroon.
7. Grace Community Health and Development Association, Kumba, Cameroon
8. Clinical Research Education, Networking and Consultancy, Douala, Cameroon

Corresponding author: Corrine Armelle Simo Gounoue: Clinical Research Education, Networking and Consultancy, Telephone: +23697698485 Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Background: Left atrial remodelling (LAR) is a common finding in patients with chronic hypertension and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However in black Africans with hypertension, the early structural changes in the left atrial size and its associated factors have been poorly elucidated.

Objective: To assess left atrial structural remodelling and its determinants in hypertensive patients of black ethnicity

Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in two hospitals in Douala from January to March 2017. Fifty-two patients either newly diagnosed with hypertension or known hypertensive treated for less than a year were enrolled through consecutive sampling and matched for age and sex to forty randomly selected healthy controls. Patients with pre-existing, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and diabetes were excluded. The diameters of the left atrium were measured using standardized echocardiographic methods. Early morning urine was analyzed for microalbuminuria using urine strips.

Results: The hypertensive patients and controls were comparable for age and sex. Hypertensive patients had significantly higher body mass indices, Left ventricular mass (LVM) and an altered diastolic function. Patients with hypertension had a significantly higher left atrial longitudinal diameter (50.0mm versus 47.4mm, p=0.045), surface area (17.9cm² versus 15.5cm², p= 0.003) and volume (52.4ml versus 43.8ml, p=0.002). Fourteen hypertensive patients (26.9%) had left atrial enlargement compared to 1(2.5%) in control group. Diastolic dysfunction (p=0.008) was the only independent predictor of LA volume and LA enlargement. There was no correlation between microalbuminuria and left atrial size.

Conclusion: A significant proportion of black hypertensive patients had left atrial remodelling. The changes were characterised by an increase in the left atrial length, surface area and volume. Diastolic dysfunction was the only determinant of left atrial size in hypertensive patients

Key words: Hypertension, left atrium, remodelling, SSA

Magny  Tiam Eric, Franck Ngoka , Noubeg Marie  Laure, Moifo Boniface , Munnang yvonne , Fongang  Emmanuel , Tagni Zukam David ,Wali Njom Muna

Adresse pour correspondance : This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Le  score calcique  des  artères coronaires est un marqueur direct et pathognomonique de l’artériosclérose des artères coronaires. Il est directement  corréler  au risque de  survenue des  évènements  cardiovasculaire.

La  calcification des  artères  coronaires  se défini comme une  lésion hyper dense supérieur  a 130 Unité  Hounsfield  et occupant une  surface d’ au moins  3 pixels soit 1mm².

Notre  objectif  était  de déterminer   le  score  calcique  des artères  coronaires  au scanner dans  une population de 18 patients  à niveau de risque  intermédiaire.

Nous avons  réalisé  une  étude  transversale  rétrospective  de Novembre 2016 à Février 2018  au Centre  Médicale  La  Cathédrale de  Yaoundé  su  un  scanner TOSHIBA AQUILON CX 128 détecteurs. Nous  avons mesuré les  calcifications coronaire de  façon semi-automatique et  déterminer  le  score calcique de  Agagston  dans notre échantillon. Les  patients  ont  bénéficié  d’un scanner  après  prémédication si nécessaire.

Les  acquisitions étaient réalisées en mode prospectif  tandis que le  post traitement  s’est passé sur  console  Vitrea® .

Nous  avons  retrouvé  un score Agatston  nul  chez  66,6% des patients. Les  scores  calciques positifs   variaient  de 02  à 2983.    Le  score calcique   moyen  cparmi  les  patients  porteur de  calcification était  de 694.

Le  scanner  multi détecteur  a permis de  détecter les calcifications coronaires chez 33,3% de l’échantillon de façon fiable.

Mots clé :   scanner  coronaire  score  calcique, Cameroun

Chris Nadège Nganou-Gnindjio^1,2, Liliane Kuate-Mfeukeu ^{1, 2}, Emile Camille Noubissi Nouno^{1, 3,}Emmanuel Nnanga Nga¹, Eugène Sobngwi^{1, 3}

Authors’ affiliations

1. University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
2. Departement of Cardiology, Yaounde Central Hospital
3. National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic populations. Safe beverages of medicinal plants contribute as a strategy for the prevention and management of these complications. The present study investigated the effects of a drink mixture of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Stevia rebaudiana extracts on diastolic function in a group of type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: We carried out a non-randomized open-label, one-arm clinical trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated hemoglobin <8% were included. Each participant consumed 425ml of a standardized drink every morning after breakfast over a period of 8 weeks. After this, the effects on the E / A ratio (Mitral peak velocity of early filling E/ Mitral peak velocity of last filling A) and lipid profile were determined.

Results: We included 20 patients (13 women and 7 men) with a median age of 59 years [56-63.5] and type 2 diabetes of a duration of 8 years [3.25-11.5]. Transthoracic ultrasound at baseline showed 13 patients with diastolic dysfunction. After the 8 weeks intervention, lipid profile parameters improved significantly: triglycerides decreased by 45.58% (p = 0.008), LDL-cholesterol by 21% (p = 0.018) and HDL-cholesterol increased by 29.26% (p <0.001). Generally; there was an insignificant increase in E/A ratio after intervention, from 0.68 [0.55-1.00] to 0.80 [0.70-0.97], p = 0.937. However, patients with diastolic dysfunction at baseline showed a significant increase in the E / A ratio from 0.61 [0.51-0.7] to 0.83 [0.61-1] corresponding to a variation of 36.06% (p = 0.009). We did not find any significant side effects and the drink was judged to be quite palatable in 18/20 patients.
Conclusion: A drink associating Hibiscus sabdariffa with Stevia rebaudiana has beneficial effects on the diastolic function of type 2 diabetes patients with alteration at the base and also on their lipid profile.

Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa, Stevia rebaudiana, diastolic function, type 2 diabetes.