Daniel N. Ndipenock¹, Jean Claude Mbanya^1,2,3, Eugene Sobngwi^1,2,3, Francois F. Kaze^1,4, Mesmin Dehayem^1,2,3, Merveille A. Musi¹, Raissa NC Abomo¹, Crista T. Arrey³

Authors’ affiliations

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I
2. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
3. National Obesity Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
4. Internal Medicine Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Corresponding author: Eugene Sobngwi. E-mail: Cette adresse e-mail est protégée contre les robots spammeurs. Vous devez activer le JavaScript pour la visualiser.

Abstract

Aim: To determine the effect of an 8-week daily very low calorie diet on the ambulatory blood pressure profile in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We undertook a non-randomized single-arm clinical trial over a period of 6 months in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, naïve to anti-diabetic medications, with HbA1c between 47.5 – 80.3mmol/mol (6.5 – 9.5%), body mass index greater than 25kg/m². The intervention daily consumption of foods containing 600 kcal of energy over a period of eight weeks. Before and after intervention, we assessed: weight, body composition, resting and exercise-induced urinary albumin excretion (UAE), 24-hour blood pressure profile, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and serum lipid profile (Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol).

Result: We included 18 participants, (10 females, 8 males), aged 53 [45-57] years. We noted the following percentage reductions: 1.1% BMI (p < 0.001), 10.7% fat mass (p<0.001), 46.2% FBG (p<0.001), 14.7% HbA1c (p<0.001), 14.3% triglycerides (p=0.028), 74% resting UAE (p=0.37), 67.9% exercise-induced UAE (p=0.22). The following changes were noted for ABPM parameters: 2.3% reduction in 24h SBP(p=0.88), 5.2% reduction in 24h DBP (p=0.55), 2.6% reduction in daytime SBP (p=0.65), 3.2% reduction in daytime DBP (p=0.65), 1.0% reduction in nighttime SBP (p=0.52), 1.8% increase in nighttime DBP (p=0.59), 4.9% reduction in MAP (p=0.93).

Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus within one year of diagnosis, the therapeutic use of an 8-week-600-kilocalorie daily diet does not significantly reduce the ambulatory blood pressure profile in the short run.

Keywords: Very low calorie diet, type 2 diabetes, ambulatory blood pressure profile